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Jamestown timeline
1509 Beginnings of New World slave trade.
1513 Balboa "discovers" Pacific; Ponce de Leon "discovers" Florida.
1519 Cortes enters Tenochtitlan, Aztec capital of Mexico.
1520 Magellan passes through Straits of Magellan.
1521 Cortes assumes control of Mexico.
1522 First slave revolt in Hispaniola.
1524 Verrazano "discovers" New York Bay and Hudson River.
1529 Henry VIII declares himself head of English church; marries Anne Boleyn.
1530 Portuguese colonize Brazil.
1532 Thomas Cranmer made archbishop of Canterbury.
1533 Pizarro executes Inca of Peru.
1534 "Act of Succession" requires allegiance to Henry VIII.
1534 Jacques Cartier sights Labrador.
1535 Cartier's second voyage “discovers” St. Lawrence River.
1536 Henry VIII executes Anne Boleyn, marries Jane Seymour.
1536 William Tyndale, priest and Bible translator, executed.
1536 Henry VIII abolishes monasteries.
1538 Spain annexes Cuba; first time "America" used to designate New World.
1538 Tyndale Bible, finished by Miles Coverdale, approved as "Great Bible.”
1538 Jane Seymour dies in childbirth.
1540 Henry VIII marries, divorces Anne of Cleves, executes Thomas Cromwell, marries Katherine Howard.
1540 De Soto explores southeast.
1541 Coronado leads expedition from New Mexico across Texas, Oklahoma, eastern Kansas; "discovers" Mississippi River.
1543 Katherine Howard beheaded; Henry VIII marries Katherine Parr.
1546 Roman Catholic Council of Trent. England a haven for continental Protestants.
1547 Henry VIII dies, succeeded by son, Edward VI.
1548 Prayer of Humble Access in English introduced.
1548 "Images" removed from English churches.
1549 Cranmer’s First Book of Common Prayer introduced.
1552 Book of Common Prayer revised in more Protestant direction.
1553 Calvin burns Unitarian refugee Michael Servetus.
1553 Edward VI dies. Roman Catholic “Bloody” Mary Tudor becomes queen, marries Philip II of Spain. Persecution of Protestants.
1555 Bishops Hugh Latimer and Nicholas Ridley burned at stake.
1556 Thomas Cranmer burned at stake.
1558 Mary dies. Protestant Elizabeth I becomes queen.
1559 Matthew Parker appointed archbishop of Canterbury.
1559 Book of Common Prayer revised.
1560 John Jewel writes Apology for the Church of England.
1562 John Hawkins begins English slave trade.
1563 Thirty-Nine Articles drafted.
1563 Foxe's Book of Martyrs published.
1568 Archbishop Parker produces Bishops’ Bible.
1570 Jesuit mission on Chesapeake Bay.
1575 Geneva Bible published.
1581 Richard Hooker, author of Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, ordained priest.
1582 First English colony in Newfoundland.
1584 Richard Hakluyt, priest, writes A Discourse on Western Planting.
1585- Roanoke Island colonization attempted twice by Sir Walter Raleigh; second colony
1589 disappears.
1593 Puritan assemblies and activities outlawed; Separatists hanged.
1595 Raleigh explores 300 miles up Orinoco River.
1597 English privateer Francis Drake lands in San Francisco Bay. First Anglican service in North America.
1600 English East India Company founded.
1603 Elizabeth I dies, succeeded by James I of Scotland. Raleigh imprisoned for treason.
1604 Book of Common Prayer revised.
1605 "Gunpowder Plot" by militant Roman Catholics to blow up Parliament foiled. Santa Fe, New Mexico, founded.
1606 James I issues charter to Virginia Company. Admiral Christopher Newport leaves London with ships Godspeed, Discovery and Susan Constant for Virginia. Guy Fawkes sentenced to death for Gunpowder Plot.
1607 104 male settlers arrive at site named James Cittie, first permanent English settlement in New World. Paspahegh Indians attack, killing two and wounding 10. James Fort completed. Jamestown Councilor George Kendall arrested, executed. Council deposes President Edward M. Wingfield; John Ratcliffe takes his place. Captain John Smith leads expedition up Chickahominy; captured, brought before Indian Chief Powhatan; claims Pocahontas saves his life.
1608 Champlain founds Quebec. Smith returns to find 38 of original 104 settlers. Accused of causing deaths of his men; tried and condemned to hanging. Newport returns with "first supply" of food and more settlers; halts Smith execution. Smith takes Newport to meet Powhatan. "Second supply" of 70 immigrants includes two women, Mrs. Thomas Forrest and maid Anne Burras, who marries John Laydon, carpenter.
1609 Tea from China shipped to Europe by Dutch East India Company. James I issues second Virginia Company charter. "Third supply" of 500 immigrants leaves England. Hurricane sinks one ship; flagship Sea Venture blown to Bermuda. Seven vessels arrive in James Cittie with 200-300 passengers. John Smith wounded in gunpowder explosion; returns to England. Ratcliffe captured by Indian women, tortured to death. “Starving Time" reduces population to 60 from previous high of 500-600.
1610 Henry Hudson explores Hudson Bay. 100 settlers arrive in Deliverance and Patience. Lieutenant Governor Sir Thomas Gates proclaims martial law. Lord De La Warr arrives, prevents Gates and 250 settlers from returning to England.
1611 King James Version of the Bible. Earliest colonization of Bermudas from Virginia. Sir Thomas Dale arrives with 300 settlers; attendance at prayers made mandatory under "Dale’s Laws."
1612 John Rolfe tries to raise tobacco. De La Warr and Council issue "Lawes Divine, Morall and Martial."
1613 Captain Argall takes Matoaka/Pocahontas hostage.
1614 Rolfe marries Pocahontas, ships first load of tobacco to England.
1616 Rolfe and Pocahontas (now Rebecca) arrive in London.
1617 Raleigh leads expedition to Guiana. Pocahontas dies in Gravesend, England.
1618 "Great Migration" (through 1623) increases Jamestown population to 4,500; most die from disease, starvation, Indian attack. Raleigh executed for treason. Powhatan dies. James I's "Declaration of Sports" outrages Puritans.
1619 Virginia House of Burgesses General Assembly meets in choir of Jamestown church; first law requires tobacco to be sold for at least three shillings per pound. Twenty blacks purchased from Portuguese slave ship from Angola. (32 Africans noted in earlier Virginia census.) 90 young women transported to Virginia as wives.
1620 Mayflower sails from Holland and England with Separatists to found Plymouth Colony (Massachusetts).
1622 Powhatans attack, kill 347 colonists. The Abigail arrives. Plague and starvation reduce colony to 500; hope for arrival of Seaflower. John Donne becomes dean of St. Paul's, London.
1623 In Bermuda, Seaflower blown up. Captain William Tucker concludes Powhatan peace negotiations with poisoned drink; 200 Powhatans die instantly, another 50 slaughtered. William Strachey makes last reference to James Cittie; surveyor William Clayborne lays out New Towne suburb outside James Fort.
1624 Dutch settle in New Amsterdam. Virginia Company loses its charter.
1625 Virginia becomes royal colony. Charles I becomes king on death of James I.
1626 Nicholas Ferrar founds Little Gidding.
1628 William Laud made archbishop of London; persecutes Puritans. Taj Mahal built.
1630 Massachusetts Bay Colony founded by Puritans.
1631 John Smith dies in England at 51.
1632 Charles I issues Maryland charter.
1635 Colonization of Connecticut begins.
1636 Roger Williams establishes Rhode Island. Harvard College founded.
1637 Scottish Prayer Book, basis for American Prayer Book, published.
1638 Scots excommunicate bishops. Anne Hutchinson founds community in Rhode Island. Swedes settle on Delaware River.
1639 First North American printing press. Charles I grants colonists right to call General Assembly -- first partial self-rule for British colonies.
1640 Charles I asks Parliament to fund war with Scotland; Parliament revolts. Puritan Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector, leads "New Model Army."
1642 Montreal founded. Sir William Berkeley begins as Virginia’s governor.
1643 Westminster Assembly drafts "Confession." Louis XIV of France enthroned.
1644 Powhatan’s successor Opechancanough attacks, killing nearly 500. Taken prisoner, he is shot in the back.
1645 William Laud beheaded by Puritans.
1646 English Civil War ends with victory of Puritans.
1648 George Fox founds Society of Friends (Quakers).
1649 Charles I beheaded by Parliamentary forces under Oliver Cromwell. The English Commonwealth is established. "Diggers," "Levellers" and "Ranters" targets of Puritan "Blasphemy Act." Iroquois destroy Hurons and Jesuit mission.
1651 First Indian Reservation created near Richmond, Virginia.
1652 With Parliamentary fleet off coast, Berkeley surrenders Virginia.
1658 Oliver Cromwell dies.
1660 Virginia Assembly elects Berkeley governor. Restoration of Charles II, Anglican Church.
1661 Virginia institutionalizes slavery, making status of mother determine status of child. Charles II receives Tangier, Bombay as dowry from Catherine of Braganza.
1662 Jamestown's status as mandatory port of entry for Virginia ends. English Book of Common Prayer revised. Royal Society receives charter from Charles II. "Act of Uniformity" passed. France’s Louis XIV begins Palace of Versailles.
1664 British annex New Netherlands; rename New Amsterdam “New York.”
1665 Great Plague of London.
1666 Great Fire of London.
1667 John Milton publishes Paradise Lost.
1669 South Carolina founded.
1672 Marquette explores near present-day Chicago.
1673 Marquette and Joliet reach Mississippi headwaters, explore Arkansas.
1674 Sir Christopher Wren rebuilds St. Paul's Cathedral, London.
1676 Nathaniel Bacon leads Virginians against Indians in violation of Berkeley's order; burns Jamestown before dying of dysentery.
1677 William of Orange marries Princess Mary, daughter of Duke of York.
1678 La Salle explores Great Lakes.
1680 French colonial empire from Quebec to Mississippi River organized.
1682 La Salle claims Louisiana territory, takes Mississippi Valley for France. William Penn founds Pennsylvania.
1683 Peace Treaty between Penn and Indians. First German immigrants to America.
1684 Bermuda becomes crown colony. Massachusetts Bay colony's Puritan charter revoked.
1685 Charles II dies, succeeded by Roman Catholic James II. Last execution for witchcraft in England. Louis XVI revokes the Edict of Nantes, exiles French Protestants.
1687 Parthenon in Athens damaged by Venetian bombardment of Turks on Acropolis. Anglican liturgy introduced at South Church, Boston.
1688 "Trial of Seven Bishops" ends with Glorious Revolution; Parliament replaces James II with William III of Orange.
1689 William and Mary crowned king and queen of England. English Declaration of Rights. Act of Toleration partially restores civil rights to Roman Catholics, Dissenters. Peter the Great becomes Czar of Russia.
1691 Freedom of worship for Protestants guaranteed in New England, New York.
1692 Salem witchcraft trials in New England.
1693 College of William and Mary founded. Kingston, Jamaica, founded.
1694 Queen Mary of England dies.
1697 Last of Mayan civilization destroyed by Spanish in Yucatan, Mexico.
1698 Jamestown's fourth statehouse burns.
1699 Capitol of Virginia moves from Jamestown to Williamsburg.
1699 Thomas Bray founds Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.
1701 Bray founds Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, which sponsors more than 300 colonial missionaries over next century.
1722 Timothy Cutler, rector of Yale, and Samuel Johnson, Congregational pastor of New Haven, convert to Anglicanism.
1728 William Law writes A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life.
1733 James Oglethorpe founds Georgia colony for relief of debtors.
1738 John and Charles Wesley and George Whitefield, Anglican priests, have religious experiences in Georgia.
1740 First “Great Awakening” features open-air preaching and charismata, arousing Anglican suspicions.
1741 George Frederick Handel composes Messiah.
1776 Declaration of Independence. Many Anglicans flee to Canada or remain as Tories.
1779 Charles Simeon becomes Anglican evangelical leader.
1784 Methodist Episcopal Church founded in Baltimore, beginning of Methodism as separate denomination.
1782 William White, rector of Christ Church, Philadelphia, writes Case of the Episcopal Churches in the United States Considered.
1784 In Scotland, Samuel Seabury consecrated first American bishop.
1785 "General Convention" boycotted by Seabury, New Englanders. "Protestant Episcopal Church" chosen as name.
1786 Archbishop of Canterbury decides to ordain bishops for United States.
1787 William White and Samuel Provost made bishops.
1789 "First" General Convention of Protestant Episcopal Church in the U.S.A. in Philadelphia. William White is presiding bishop. House of Bishops and House of Deputies established. Book of Common Prayer revised.
1807 Jamestown Island given to Ambler and Travis plantations.
1899 Brick church and Ambler House are all that remains on Jamestown Island.
1907 Tercentennial Celebration of Jamestown at Hampton Roads.
1957 Jamestown Exposition celebrates 350th anniversary.
1992 In Bermuda, Sea Venture's contents recovered and documented.
2007 Celebration of 400th anniversary held at Jamestown.
This time line is a compilation of two copyrighted works used with permission: Timeline, Virtual Jamestown, Virginia Center for Digital History, University of Virginia and The Anglican history time line created by Ed Friedlander, MD, available from the Society of Archbishop Justus, websexton@justus.anglican.org.
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