Standing in front of the only 17th-century structure still standing in Jamestown, the tower of Memorial Church, Chief Ken Adams of the Upper Mattaponi Tribe offers reflections on the British settlement from the point of view of the indigenous residents.

“When negotiations between the settlers and indigenous people broke down, Jamestown’s Captain John Smith used force to achieve his objectives. This pattern was then repeated… as U.S. expansion pressed west, leaving a painful ‘trail of tears’ for native peoples.” – from bulletin insert “The Colonial Period: Tracing Native American Perspectives,” available at episcopalchurch.org/400years

– Photo by Donald Vish, lawyer, poet, and photographer from Louisville, Kentucky